Senator Fischer Statement on Reported Cancellation of Nuclear Sea Launched Cruise Missile

Source: United States Senator for Nebraska Deb Fischer

Click here to watch.

WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Senator Deb Fischer (R-Neb.), a senior member of the Senate Armed Services Committee and the Ranking Member of the Strategic Forces Subcommittee, released the following statement after Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Mark Milley said during today’s committee hearing that they were not consulted on plans to cancel a Nuclear Sea Launched Cruise Missile (SLCM-N):

“I am extremely concerned by the acting Secretary of the Navy’s decision to direct the cancellation of the Sea Launched Cruise Missile program. This occurred outside of the Department of Defense’s review of nuclear posture and without any consultation. Nuclear deterrence is the department’s highest priority mission and as Secretary Austin expressed to me today, this is not the appropriate way to make decisions about U.S. nuclear policy,” said Senator Fischer.

The 2018 Nuclear Posture Review directed the Department of Defense to begin development of a Sea-Launched Cruise Missile, restoring a capability that had been a component of the U.S. nuclear forces until 2013. Currently, the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy are analyzing the concept.

Click here to read more and here to view Senator Fischer’s exchange with Secretary Austin at today’s hearing.

Hagerty Statement on Rising Inflation

Source: United States Senator for Tennessee Bill Hagerty

WASHINGTON—United States Senator Bill Hagerty (R-TN), a member of the Senate Banking Committee, today released the following statement in response to the latest Consumer Price Index (CPI) release from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), showing that there has been a notable increase in inflation this year and that consumer prices for the month of May climbed at their fastest pace in nearly 13 years:

“Today’s 5 percent increase in the inflation rate is the highest since 2008 and makes one thing clear: President Joe Biden’s partisan trillion-dollar spending sprees are raising prices on groceries and gas and everything in between. This hurts Tennessee’s poorest families and workers the most, and is a clear and immediate tax on the middle class—something President Biden said he would not impose. Unless our supply chains normalize quickly to meet pent-up demand from the pandemic, this tax hike on the American people will continue and could go even higher.”

Vermont Delegation Sends Letter Urging Biden Administration to Immediately Work with Canada to Safely Open the Northern Border

Source: United States Senator for Vermont – Bernie Sanders

Vermont Delegation Sends Letter Urging Biden Administration to Immediately Work with Canada to Safely Open the Northern Border

WASHINGTON – Senators Patrick Leahy and Bernie Sanders, and Representative Peter Welch sent a letter to the Biden administration late Monday urging him to work with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to allow additional travel between the United States and Canada. With increased vaccination rates in both the United States and Canada, and updated CDC guidance for fully vaccinated Americans, the delegation urged the Biden administration to work with Canada to add additional essential traveler classes and to continue working toward fully reopening the border.

“We write to encourage you to engage with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau to add additional essential traveler classes for those able to cross the border between the United States and Canada and to continue to work towards the appropriate milestones that would allow for the safe reopening of the border,” wrote Leahy, Sanders and Welch. “Families throughout Vermont, especially those in our border communities, have gone well over a year without seeing loved ones across the border… While negative economic and health impacts of this global pandemic are far from over, enabling more people to reconnect, work, and resume daily routines when it is safe to do so will go a long way to addressing these dual crises.”

The full text of the letter can be found here.

Thune: Ellsworth Air Force Base Officially Named Main Operating Base 1 for the B-21 Bomber

Source: United States Senator for South Dakota John Thune

U.S. Sen. John Thune (R-S.D.) today discussed yesterday’s announcement from the U.S. Air Force that Ellsworth Air Force Base in western South Dakota has been officially named Main Operating Base 1 for the future B-21 bomber. This designation not only means that Ellsworth will be the first base to host the B-21 Raider, but that it will also host the formal training unit and the first operational squadron. Thune also discussed the importance of this decision, considering that Ellsworth was put on the chopping block 16 years ago. Thune emphasized the all-hands effort from the congressional delegation and community leaders to save Ellsworth from closure and the work that has been done since to bring the B-21s to the base.
 
Full text of Sen. Thune’s speech below (as prepared for delivery):
“Mr. President, last night, the Air Force announced some historic news for South Dakota. 
“And today I am proud to share that Ellsworth Air Force Base in western South Dakota has been officially named Main Operating Base 1 for the future B-21 bomber – “Home of the Raider.” 
“This designation not only means that Ellsworth will be the first base to host the B-21 Raider, but that it will also host the formal training unit and the first operational squadron.   
“Those who have heard me talk about the importance of this decision likely know the outlook for the base wasn’t so rosy 16 years ago. 
“I had just arrived here in the Senate in 2005 when Ellsworth was placed on the Base Realignment and Closure, or BRAC, list that May. 
“It was an all-hands effort by the congressional delegation and Ellsworth and state and community leaders to make the case to the Bush administration and the BRAC Commission to remove Ellsworth from the closure list. 
“Many thought South Dakota might not have the clout to make this stand – that we didn’t wield enough influence. 
“We were only given about 12 percent odds of pulling through. 
“But we were determined that we weren’t going to lose Ellsworth. 
“We started by challenging the cost-savings assumptions of the BRAC Commission – which began to unravel under scrutiny – and we proved that it would actually cost money to close Ellsworth. 
“We also pressed the commissioners not to put all our eggs in one basket when it came to our nation’s security interests, highlighting the organizational risks of consolidating all of our B-1s at one location.  
“The outlook was grim, but we stood our ground and won the day. 
“And we were removed from the BRAC list that August. 
“But we didn’t stop there. 
“We got right to work on building up the base so that we would never again find ourselves in the same position. 
“In 2007, we saw the Air Force Financial Services Center open at Ellsworth. 
“2011 saw the arrival of the 89th Attack Squadron, and its command and control stations for MQ-9 Reapers. 
“And in 2015 a decade-long mission paid off with the quadrupling of the training air space for the base. 
“The Powder River Training Complex is now the largest training air space in the continental United States and can be used for large-force exercises that draw combat aircraft from across the country. 
“And it’s well-suited for B-21 training. 
“This is just one of the efforts we undertook to put Ellsworth in the best position possible to secure this new mission. 
“And it is wonderful to see it pay off with yesterday’s announcement. 
“Mr. President, I know that while South Dakota is celebrating today, others are disappointed in this decision. 
“For those who were seeking to have Main Operating Base 1 in their states, but will now follow Ellsworth in the sequencing and wait a little longer for the B-21 mission to arrive, know this: 
“My support for the B-21 enterprise will not lessen because we are at this milestone.  
“As I said, we argued 16 years ago that the United States should not put all its eggs in one basket when it comes to strategic assets.  
“I stand by that reasoning to this day. 
“And under the current bomber road map, every bomber base will keep a bomber mission well into the future. 
“The stealth B-21 will eventually replace our B-1s and stealth B-2s at bases around the country. 
“Meanwhile, our fleet of B-52s will be given new, modern engines through a service life extension program. 
“All of our bomber bases, which have played and continue to play an essential role in our national security, will continue to do so. 
“Long-range strike will remain a team effort.  
“Mr. President, the core of our military strength is our men and women in uniform. 
“They have volunteered to lay down their lives if necessary in the service of our nation, and it is incumbent on us here in Congress to do our part to ensure they have the tools they need to succeed in their missions. 
“The B-21 is an essential part of that equation. 
“I’ll remind my colleagues that the United States is one of only three countries in the world that operate a strategic bomber.
“The other two countries are Russia and China, and they’re both working to develop their own next-generation bombers. 
“We can’t afford to cede any ground.  
“The B-21 is scheduled to take its first flight in 2022 and should enter service around 2027.
“It will replace our aging B-1s, which have been a proven workhorse over the last several decades, as well as two squadrons of B-2s.
“But our small bomber fleet is growing smaller.
“Seventeen of the most structurally fatigued B-1s are being retired this year – which has actually permitted maintainers to concentrate resources on the remaining aircraft.
“Flight hours are up, and the B-1 has been a key component of the new bomber task force missions.
“But that doesn’t mean a smaller bomber force is sustainable in the long run without reinvestment and modernization. 
“And our national security requires that the B-21 program move full speed ahead.
“Fortunately, public reports indicate the B-21 program is on-budget and on-time. 
“‘B-21 speeds to IOC,’ or initial operating capacity, reads a headline from June 3.
“In an interview, Air Force Global Strike Commander General Timothy Ray detailed the agile and adaptive B-21 development process.
“He noted that adding certain capabilities to the bombers could take one-tenth of the time it has for previous airframes.
“The ability to incrementally add new capabilities and upgrades, instead of being forced to make wholesale block upgrades, should keep B-21 development moving quickly. 
“And Congress can do its part by providing stable funding for the B-21.
“And now, with the record of decision for Main Operating Base 1 signed, we also need to start in earnest on the investments necessary to prepare Ellsworth for the B-21. 
“We can now get to work building the high-end maintenance facilities for the B-21’s stealth coating, training and operations buildings for the new missions, and a secure weapons facility for the nuclear mission.
“Mr. President, Ellsworth has come a long way since it was placed on the chopping block 16 years ago.
“I’m grateful to the Air Force for this decision and the hard work by so many to get us to today.
“From BRAC to B-21. 
“I’m humbled to have been part of this effort, and I remain steadfast in my support for the mission and the men and women of the 28th Bomb Wing. 
“I can’t wait to get to work on this new chapter of Ellsworth’s story.”

Peters Provision to Create Significant Incident Declaration for Major Cyber-Attacks Passes Senate as Part of Competitiveness Bill

Source: United States Senator for Michigan Gary Peters

06.09.21

Bipartisan Provision Creates Fund to Help Public and Private Entities Respond to Cyber Incidents

WASHINGTON, D.C. – A provision authored by U.S. Senator Gary Peters (MI), Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, passed the Senate as a part of a legislative package to strengthen national security, boost American competitiveness on the global stage, and lessen our dependence on adversarial governments, like China and Russia. The provision would provide additional resources and better coordination for serious cyber-attacks or breaches that risk the safety and security of Americans. American information networks have recently seen a significant rise in ransomware attacks, including dangerous breaches of a major oil pipeline, the New York City transportation system and meatpacking centers across the nation.

The provision would help improve the federal response to cyber breaches, such as the recent attack against the Colonial Pipeline. The provision also establishes a Cyber Response and Recovery Fund for the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) to provide direct support to public or private entities as they respond to and recover from significant cyber-attacks and breaches, following a declaration of a significant incident by the Secretary of Homeland Security. 

“Over the past few months, we have seen foreign adversaries and criminal organizations relentlessly attack American networks. As we saw from the recent attack against Colonial Pipeline – these breaches can have devastating effects on our daily lives,” said Senator Peters. “My bipartisan provision will help strengthen our response to online assaults from bad actors to ensure we are providing the public and private sector with the resources to recover from attacks and help protect our nation’s critical infrastructure. I look forward to seeing this important provision signed into law and will continue my efforts to bolster our nation’s cyber defenses.”

“Our nation is increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks every day, as the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack showed. Cyberattacks are getting worse and more frequent while the government and critical infrastructure are more dependent on information technology,” said Senator Portman, a coauthor of the provision. “Our legislation passed by the Senate will provide important emergency resources when major cyberattacks occur and overwhelm the organizations attacked.”

The provision, which is based on the Cyber Response and Recovery Act, would create an authority for the Secretary of Homeland Security, in consultation with the National Cyber Director, to declare a Significant Incident in the event of an ongoing or imminent attack that would impact national security, economic security, or government operations. This declaration would empower CISA to coordinate federal and non-federal response efforts, and allow the Secretary access to a Cyber Response and Recovery Fund that would help support federal and non-federal entities impacted by the event. The provision would authorize $20 million over seven years for the fund and would require DHS to report to Congress on its use. 

As Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, Peters has led efforts to bolster our nation’s cybersecurity defenses. Peters recently convened a hearing with the Chief Executive Officer of Colonial Pipeline, to examine a recent hack against the company. As a part of the American Rescue Plan Act, Peters helped secure nearly $2 billion to modernize and secure information systems critical to the federal pandemic response. In April, the Senate also passed his provision to help protect our nation’s public water infrastructure technology systems, following recent cyber-attacks on water utilities. Last Congress, the Senate unanimously approved Peters’ bill to strengthen cybersecurity coordination between DHS and state and local governments. Peters has also pushed bipartisan legislation to improve access to cybersecurity resources and training for small businesses and to support K-12 schools with the resources they need to bolster their cybersecurity.

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Menendez Introduces Bill to Boost Efforts to Develop Treatment for Tourette Syndrome

Source: United States Senator for New Jersey Bob Menendez

WASHINGTON, D.C. — U.S. Senator Bob Menendez (D-N.J.), a senior member of the Senate Finance Committee that sets national health policy, today reintroduced the CARE for Tourette Syndrome Act of 2021 that would direct the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to discover new treatments for Tourette Syndrome (TS) and allocate funds toward the expansion of federal programs. An estimated one in every 100 school-aged children are diagnosed with TS or other related Tic Disorder, including approximately 20,110 in New Jersey.

 

The bill is cosponsored by Sens. Kirsten Gillibrand (D-N.Y.), Chris Van Hollen (D-Md.) and Chris Murphy (D-Conn.).

 

“Thousands of New Jersey children and teens living with Tourette Syndrome deserve greater federal support and resources to help them live successful lives,” said Sen. Menendez. “Too many families in New Jersey and across the country are struggling to ease their children’s suffering from Tourette Syndrome. This bill will help tremendously in developing new treatments to unlock every child’s full potential.”

 

TS is a neurodevelopmental disorder, for which there is no cure, characterized by “tics,” which are repetitive, involuntary movements and sounds. Tics can include arm jerking, head bobbing, grunting, or shouting. While symptoms and severity vary between individuals, severe tics can be painful, debilitating and greatly reduce quality of life. Symptom improvement often occurs during late adolescence, however, TS can be a lifelong condition for some individuals.

 

The CARE for Tourette Syndrome Act builds on the NIH’s current activities related to TS. Specifically, this legislation would: 

 

  •        Expand and intensify data collection on the prevalence of TS, co-morbid conditions, and the availability of medical and social services. 

 

  •        Establish Centers of Excellence to undertake extensive research into the causes, treatments, early detection, and prevention of TS. The Centers will conduct in-depth, multidisciplinary TS research in the fields of developmental neurobiology, neuroscience, genetics, psychology, and pharmacology. Eligible entities will include academic and other research institutions, acting independently or in a consortium, with broad geographic diversity.  

 

“The CARE for TS Act will provide and expand much needed in-depth research and data collection to better understand Tourette Syndrome and its co-occurring conditions,” said Amanda Talty, President and CEO, Tourette Association of America. “As the only national organization serving the TS community, we are ever invested in supporting research to improve diagnosis, treatment, and care. The increased collaboration of researchers will serve as a launching pad to take Tourette Syndrome research to new levels.”

 

Sen. Menendez last introduced this bill in 2020.

 

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Menendez Applauds Confirmation of Judge Zahid Quraishi to U.S. District Court of NJ

Source: United States Senator for New Jersey Bob Menendez

WASHINGTON, D.C. – U.S. Senator Bob Menendez (D-N.J.) today applauded the Senate’s swift confirmation of U.S. Magistrate Judge Zahid N. Quraishi to the U.S. District Court of New Jersey, becoming the country’s first ever Muslim American district court judge.  Judge Quraishi’s judicial appointment was approved by the Senate by a vote of 81-16.

“Judge Quraishi has devoted his career to serving our country, and his story embodies both the rich diversity of New Jersey and the promise of America as a place where anything is possible,” said Sen. Menendez during a speech on the Senate floor prior to the confirmation vote.  “Zahid Quraishi is a man of integrity, a consummate public servant, and a trailblazer for Asian Americans and Muslim Americans across this country who dream of one day presiding over a court of their own.  We should all draw inspiration from his story, because it is a story that could only take place in the United States of America.”

 [embedded content]

CLICK HERE TO WATCH

 

Quraishi is the second judge appointed to the U.S. District Court of New Jersey this week.  On Monday, the Senate confirmed the nomination of Julien X. Neals.

The U.S. District Court of New Jersey is one of the busiest in the country, with 46,000 cases pending before it and with judges facing individual caseloads more than triple the national average.  New Jersey’s six, longstanding district court vacancies are second only to California’s and have been declared a “judicial emergency.” 

Quraishi was appointed as a U.S. Magistrate Judge for the District of New Jersey in the Trenton Vicinage on June 3, 2019.  Quraishi, who is of Pakistani ancestry, is the first Asian American to serve on the federal bench in New Jersey.  Prior to his appointment, he was Chair of Riker Danzig’s White Collar Criminal Defense and Investigations Group and his firm’s first Chief Diversity Officer.  Before joining Riker, Quraishi served as an Assistant U.S. Attorney in the District of New Jersey for over five years.  He previously represented the United States as an Assistant Chief Counsel and trial attorney with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.  He also served as a military prosecutor and achieved the rank of Captain in the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s (JAG) Corps.  In the Army, Quraishi was assigned to the First Infantry Division stationed in Germany and deployed to Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2004 and 2006 before he was honorably discharged.  Earlier in his career, Quraishi worked as a litigation associate at LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae, LLP and clerked for the Honorable Edwin H. Stern, Presiding Judge, Superior Court of New Jersey – Appellate Division (retired).  Quraishi received his law degree from Rutgers Law School – Newark, where he was the Managing Business Editor of the Rutgers Computer and Technology Law Journal and a member of the Rutgers Moot Court Board.

President Biden nominated Quraishi and Neals March 30 to the U.S. District Court of New Jersey and a confirmation hearing for both nominees was held last month before the Senate Judiciary Committee.  There are two other pending nominees to the New Jersey federal bench: President Biden nominated attorney Christine P. O’Hearn on April 29 and U.S. Magistrate Judge Karen M. Williams on May 12. 

Below are Sen. Menendez’s remarks as prepared for delivery:

 

M. President, today in the Senate, we have an opportunity to both alleviate a judicial emergency and make history by supporting the confirmation of Zahid Quraishi to the U.S. District Court of New Jersey, where he currently serves as a U.S. Magistrate Judge.

 

As I’ve mentioned many times in the past, the vacancies on this court have been declared judicial emergencies by the Judicial Conference of the United States.

 

The U.S. District of New Jersey is one of the busiest courts in the entire country, with 46,000 cases pending before it.  

 

Yet being short-staffed has left our judges with mind-boggling caseloads more than three times the national average.

 

Fortunately, we in the Senate have an extraordinary nominee before us this week.

 

Judge Quraishi has devoted his career to serving our country, and his story embodies both the rich diversity of New Jersey and the promise of America as a place where anything is possible.

 

He was born in New York and grew up in Fanwood, New Jersey with his parents, both immigrants from Pakistan who came to this country to build a better life.

 

In 1997, he graduated from the John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York and in 2000, earned his J.D. from Rutgers Law School.

 

After a clerkship with the New Jersey Superior Court, Mr. Quraishi accepted a position with a New York law firm.

 

His first day on the job was September 11, 2001 – and the horrific events of that day prompted him to change the trajectory of his career and focus on serving our country.

 

In 2003, he joined the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General’s Corp, where he earned the rank of Captain and served two deployments in Iraq, first in 2004 and then 2006.

 

For his service, Mr. Quraishi was awarded the Bronze Star and the Combat Action Badge – a recognition by the U.S. Army for non-infantry soldiers who engage in ground combat.

 

After leaving the Army, he continued to work in public service, first as a trial counsel with the Department of Homeland Security and then as a federal prosecutor in the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the District of New Jersey.

 

In 2013 he joined the law firm of Riker Danzig, where he worked until 2019, when he was appointed as a U.S.  Magistrate Judge for the U.S. District Court and became the first Asian American federal judge in New Jersey’s history.

 

Now, Mr. Quraishi is poised to break barriers once more.

 

If confirmed, he will become the first Muslim-American in U.S. history to serve as an Article III federal judge.

 

My colleagues, Zahid Quraishi is a man of integrity, a consummate public servant, and a trailblazer for Asian Americans and Muslim Americans across this country who dream of one day presiding over a court of their own.

 

We should all draw inspiration from his story, because it is a story that could only take place in the United States of America.

 

I urge my colleagues to support his historic nomination to the U.S. District Court of New Jersey without delay.

 

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Crapo Announces Summer Interns

Source: United States Senator for Idaho Mike Crapo

June 10, 2021

Washington, D.C.–Four interns have joined U.S. Senator Mike Crapo’s (R-Idaho) Washington, D.C., Pocatello and Boise offices for the summer term. 

“Each of the interns joining my office for this term have demonstrated an interest in public service and will gain first-hand experience of the federal legislative process,” said Crapo.  “As Congress considers vital pieces of legislation, their work will greatly assist in my service to Idahoans.  Each brings a fresh perspective to our offices, and I look forward to having them on the team for the summer.” 

Two interns joined the Washington, D.C., office: 

Cassie Williams, who grew up in Coeur d’Alene, currently attends the University of Montana in Missoula.  In the fall, she will begin her final year of undergraduate studies in political science and public administration.  Cassie has interests in economic development, infrastructure and data privacy. 

Elizabeth Hellewell, from Maryland, is currently studying public health at Brigham Young University.  She has interests in national health policy and local public health issues. 

One intern joined the Boise office: 

Kimberly Van Maren, a native of Utah, currently attends Boise State University studying political science, criminal justice and mathematics.  She has interests in pro-life issues, first amendment rights and immigration. 

One intern joined the Pocatello office: 

Lexi Jorgenson, a native of Pocatello, will attend Idaho State University in the fall.  Her interests include community development and local government issues. 

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Press Releases 06/10/2021 Tillis Co-sponsors Legislation to Sanction Foreign Officials Who Suppress Information About International Health Crises Dr. Li Wenliang heroically tried to warn Chinese citizens about COVID-19, only to be silenced by the authoritarian Chinese Communist Party until his tragic death. The Chinese government must be held accountable so no other nation feels emboldened to cover-up a public health crisis that can turn into a global pandemic. I am proud to work with my colleagues on this commonsense legislation.

Source: United States Senator for North Carolina Thom Tillis

Tillis Co-sponsors Legislation to Sanction Foreign Officials Who Suppress Inform…

WASHINGTON, D.C. – Today, U.S. Senator Thom Tillis (R-NC) co-sponsored legislation introduced by U.S. Senator Tom Cotton (R-AR) that would authorize the president to sanction foreign officials who suppress or distort information about international public health crises, including COVID-19.
 
“Doctors and scientists across the world deserve robust protections that allow them to sound the alarm on international public health concerns without fear of government suppression,” said Senator Tillis. “Dr. Li Wenliang heroically tried to warn Chinese citizens about COVID-19, only to be silenced by the authoritarian Chinese Communist Party until his tragic death. The Chinese government must be held accountable so no other nation feels emboldened to cover-up a public health crisis that can turn into a global pandemic. I am proud to work with my colleagues on this commonsense legislation.” 
 
Background:

  • The Li Wenliang Global Public Health Accountability Act is sanctions legislation modeled after the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act.
  • It would authorize the president to sanction foreign officials who suppress or distort information about international public health crises, including the coronavirus. 
  • These sanctions include inadmissibility to the United States, revocation of existing U.S. visas, and the blocking of all property within the United States. 
  • This legislation would provide Congress with the authority to request that the president review specific foreign officials for sanctions eligibility. Within 120 days of receiving such a request, the president must report to Congress on whether he/she intends to impose sanctions. 

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Rounds Statement on TransCanada’s Termination of the Keystone XL Pipeline Project

Source: United States Senator for South Dakota Mike Rounds

06.10.21

WASHINGTON – U.S. Senator Mike Rounds (R-S.D.) released the following statement today after TransCanada (TC Energy) confirmed the termination of the Keystone XL Pipeline Project:

“President Biden’s decision to cancel the Keystone XL Pipeline Project is a huge mistake,” Rounds said. “This will hurt us both economically and environmentally for years to come. Now, instead of using an efficient and environmentally friendly pipeline to transport petroleum, petroleum will be transported by road and rail which is much more dangerous. TC Energy had committed to net zero emissions across the project. It’s clear that the president listened to the loudest left-wing voices in the room rather than looking at the facts.”

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